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Castilian national art museum in Madrid, Kingdom of spain

Coordinates: xl°24′l″N 3°41′32″West  /  twoscore.41389°North 3.69222°W  / twoscore.41389; -3.69222

Art museum, Historic site in Madrid, Espana

Museo Nacional del Prado

Exterior of the Prado Museum
Established	1819
Location	Paseo del Prado, Madrid, Spain
Blazon	Art museum, Historic site
Visitors	852,161 (2020)[1] Ranked 16th globally (2020)[ii]
Manager	Miguel Falomir[3]
Public transit access	Atocha Principal Line Station Banco de España Underground Station
Website	www.museodelprado.es
Museo del Prado (front façade)
Architect	Juan de Villanueva
Spanish Property of Cultural Interest
Official name	Museo Nacional del Prado
Type	Not-movable
Criteria	Monument
Designated	1962
Reference no.	RI-51-0001374

The Prado Museum ( PRAH-doh; Spanish: Museo del Prado [muˈseo ðel ˈpɾaðo]), officially known as Museo Nacional del Prado, is the main Spanish national art museum, located in central Madrid. It is widely considered to firm one of the world's finest collections of European fine art, dating from the twelfth century to the early 20th century, based on the former Spanish Majestic Drove, and the unmarried best drove of Spanish art. Founded as a museum of paintings and sculpture in 1819, it also contains important collections of other types of works. The Prado Museum is one of the almost visited sites in the world, and is considered one of the greatest art museums in the earth. The numerous works past Francisco Goya, the single most extensively represented artist, as well as by Hieronymus Bosch, El Greco, Peter Paul Rubens, Titian, and Diego Velázquez, are some of the highlights of the collection. Velázquez and his keen heart and sensibility were also responsible for bringing much of the museum's fine collection of Italian masters to Spain, now the largest outside Italy.

The collection currently comprises around viii,200 drawings, vii,600 paintings, 4,800 prints, and i,000 sculptures, in addition to many other works of art and historic documents. As of 2012, the museum displayed nearly 1,300 works in the main buildings, while around 3,100 works were on temporary loan to various museums and official institutions. The remainder were in storage.^[4]

Due to the COVID-xix pandemic, in 2020 attendance plunged by 76 pct to 852,161. Nonetheless, the Prado was ranked as the 16th most-visited museum in the list of most-visited art museums in the earth in 2020.^[5] It is one of the largest museums in Espana.

The Prado, with the nearby Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum and the Museo Reina Sofía, forms Madrid's Golden Triangle of Fine art, which was included in the UNESCO World Heritage list in 2021.

History [edit]

The building that is now the home of the Museo Nacional del Prado was designed in 1785 by builder of the Enlightenment in Spain Juan de Villanueva on the orders of Charles III to house the Natural History Chiffonier. However, the building'due south final function was non decided until the monarch's grandson, Ferdinand VII, encouraged by his wife, Queen María Isabel de Braganza, decided to use it as a new Regal Museum of Paintings and Sculptures. The Royal Museum, which would soon get known equally the National Museum of Painting and Sculpture, and subsequently the Museo Nacional del Prado, opened to the public for the start time in Nov 1819. It was created with the double aim of showing the works of art belonging to the Spanish Crown and to demonstrate to the residue of Europe that Spanish fine art was of equal merit to whatever other national schoolhouse. Also, this museum needed several renovations during the 19th and 20th centuries, because of the increase of the collection as well as the increase of the public who wants to run into all the collection that the Museum hosted.^[6]

In the main exhibition hall, start floor

The get-go catalogue of the Museum, published in 1819 and solely devoted to Spanish painting, included 311 paintings, although at that fourth dimension the Museum housed ane,510 from the various royal residences, the Reales Sitios, including works from other schools. The exceptionally important royal drove, which forms the nucleus of the present-twenty-four hours Museo del Prado, started to increase significantly in the 16th century during the fourth dimension of Charles 5 and continued under the succeeding Habsburg and Bourbon monarchs. Their efforts and determination led to the Royal Collection being enriched by some of the masterpieces now to be seen in the Prado. These include The Descent from the Cross by Rogier van der Weyden, The Garden of Earthly Delights past Hieronymous Bosch, Knight with his Hand on his Breast past El Greco, The Death of the Virgin by Mantegna, The Holy Family, known as "La Perla", by Raphael, Charles V at Mülhberg by Titian, Christ Washing the Disciples' Feet past Tintoretto, Dürer's Self-portrait, Las Meninas by Velázquez, The Three Graces by Rubens, and The Family of Charles IV by Goya.^{[ citation needed ]}

In addition to works from the Spanish royal collection, other holdings increased and enriched the Museum with further masterpieces, such as the ii Majas past Goya. Among the now closed museums whose collections have been added to that of the Prado were the Museo de la Trinidad in 1872, and the Museo de Arte Moderno in 1971. In addition, numerous legacies, donations and purchases have been of crucial importance for the growth of the drove. Various works entered the Prado from the Museo de la Trinidad, including The Fountain of Grace past the School of Van Eyck, the Santo Domingo and San Pedro Martír altarpieces painted for the monastery of Santo Tomás in Ávila past Pedro Berruguete, and the five canvases by El Greco executed for the Colegio de doña María de Aragón. Most of the Museum's 19th-century paintings come from the former Museo de Arte Moderno, including works by the Madrazos, José de Madrazo y Agudo and Federico de Madrazo, Vicente López, Carlos de Haes, Eduardo Rosales and Sorolla.^{[ citation needed ]}

Upon the deposition of Isabella Ii in 1868, the museum was nationalized and acquired the new name of "Museo del Prado". The building housed the royal collection of arts, and it rapidly proved too modest. The starting time enlargement to the museum took identify in 1918. Since the cosmos of the Museo del Prado more than 2,300 paintings have been incorporated into its collection, also every bit numerous sculptures, prints, drawings and works of fine art through bequests, donations and purchases, which account for nigh of the New Acquisitions. Numerous bequests have enriched the Museum's holdings, such as the outstanding collection of medals left to the Museum by Pablo Bosch; the drawings and items of decorative art left by Pedro Fernández Durán every bit well as Van der Weyden'south masterpiece, Duran Madonna; and the Ramón de Errazu bequest of 19th-century paintings. Especially important donations include Barón Emile d'Erlanger's gift of Goya's Blackness Paintings in 1881. Amid the numerous works that have entered the collection through purchase are some outstanding ones acquired in contempo years including ii works by El Greco, The Legend and The Flight into Egypt caused in 1993 and 2001, Goya's The Countess of Chinchon bought in 2000, Velázquez's Portrait of Ferdinando Brandani, acquired in 2003, Bruegel's The Wine of Saint Martin's Day bought in 2010 and Fra Angelico's Madonna of the Pomegranate purchased in 2016.^{[ citation needed ]}

Between 1873 and 1900, the Prado helped decorate urban center halls, new universities, and churches. During the Second Spanish Republic from 1931 to 1936, the focus was on developing provincial museums. During the Spanish Civil War, upon the recommendation of the League of Nations, the museum staff removed 353 paintings, 168 drawings and the Dauphin's Treasure and sent the art to Valencia, then later to Girona, and finally to Geneva. The fine art had to exist returned beyond French territory in night trains to the museum upon the commencement of World State of war II. During the early years of the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, many paintings were sent to embassies.^[seven]

The main building was enlarged with brusk pavilions in the rear between 1900 and 1960. The adjacent enlargement was the incorporation of 2 buildings (nearby only not adjacent) into the institutional structure of the museum: the Casón del Buen Retiro, which is equipped to display upwards to 400 paintings and which housed the majority of the 20th-century art from 1971 to 1997, and the Salón de Reinos (Throne building), formerly the Ground forces Museum.

In 1993, an extension proposed by the Prado's director at the time, Felipe Garin, was apace abandoned after a moving ridge of criticism.^[8] In the late 1990s, a $14 million roof piece of work forced the Velázquez masterpiece Las Meninas to modify galleries twice.^[ix] In 1998, the Prado annex in the nearby Casón del Buen Retiro closed for a $10 million two-year overhaul that included three new underground levels. In 2007, the museum finally executed Rafael Moneo's projection to aggrandize its exposition room to 16,000 square meters, hoping to increase the yearly number of visitors from 1.8 million to 2.five meg.

The deli in the underground extension by Rafael Moneo

A glass-roofed and wedge-shaped foyer now contains the museum'southward shops and cafeteria, removing them from the main building to brand more room for galleries.^[nine] The 16th-century Cloister of Jerónimo has been removed stone by stone to make foundations for increased stability of surrounding buildings and will exist re-assembled in the new museum's extension. Hydraulic jacks had to be used to foreclose the basement walls from falling during construction. ^[10] The enlargement is an underground building which connects the principal building to another one entirely reconstructed.

In November 2016, information technology was announced that British builder Norman Foster, in a articulation project with Carlos Rubio Carvajal, is to renovate the Hall of Realms, which one time formed part of the Buen Retiro palace and transform it into a $32 meg extension of the Prado. The museum announced the selection of Foster and Rubio afterwards a jury reviewed the proposals of the 8 contest finalists – including David Chipperfield, Rem Koolhaas and Eduardo Souto de Moura –,^[11] who had already been shortlisted from an initial listing of 47 international teams of architects.^[12] The building was acquired by the Prado in 2015, after having served as an army museum until 2005. The project is designed to give the Prado almost 61,500 square anxiety of boosted available space, of which nearly 27,000 foursquare feet will be used to exhibit works.^[12] Only in 2021, the Spanish government approved the plans and awarded the project 36 millio euros.^[13]

Historic structure [edit]

The Goya Gate in the north façade of the museum.

The Museo del Prado is one of the buildings constructed during the reign of Charles III (Carlos Iii) equally part of a grandiose building scheme designed to bestow upon Madrid a monumental urban space. The building that lodges the Museum of the Prado was initially conceived by José Moñino y Redondo, count of Floridablanca and was commissioned in 1785 by Charles III for the reurbanización of the Paseo del Prado. To this end, Charles 3 called on one of his favorite architects, Juan de Villanueva, author likewise of the nearby Botanical Garden and the City Hall of Madrid.^[fourteen]

The prado ("meadow") that was where the museum now stands gave its name to the area, the Salón del Prado (afterward Paseo del Prado), and to the museum itself upon nationalisation. Work on the edifice stopped at the conclusion of Charles III's reign and throughout the Peninsular War and was only initiated again during the reign of Charles III's grandson, Ferdinand VII. The bounds had been used as headquarters for the cavalry and a gunpowder-store for the Napoleonic troops based in Madrid during the war.

The side by side renovations that this Museum will undergo volition be conducted by British architect Norman Foster. This renovation was approved in June 2020 and is expected to take a minimum of four years.^[15]

Special exhibitions [edit]

Between 8 November 2011 and 25 March 2012, a group of 179 works of art were brought to the Museo del Prado from the Hermitage Museum in Leningrad.^[16] Notable works included:

• A Scholar (1631), by Rembrandt
• The Lute Player (c. 1596), by Caravaggio
• Ecstasy of Saint Teresa (1647), past Bernini
• Game of Bowls (1908), past Henri Matisse
• Boutonniere of Cornflowers with Stems of Oats in a Vase (c. 1900), past Firm of Fabergé
• Pond at Montgeron (1876), by Claude Monet
• Chugalug buckle with a monster attacking a horse, (4th–tertiary century BC), (gold ornament from Peter I's Siberian Collection)
• Moonrise, Ii Men on the Shore (c. 1900), by Caspar David Friedrich
• Composition Vi (1913), by Wassily Kandinsky
• Metaphysical Still life (1918), past Giorgio Morandi

Conversely, for the first time in its 200-year history, the Museo del Prado has toured an exhibition of its renowned collection of Italian masterpieces at the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne, Australia, from sixteen May 2014 until 31 August 2014. Many of the works have never earlier left Spain.

Nearby museums [edit]

A few meters away we tin detect two museums of important international relevance, such as Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum and the Museo Reina Sofía.

Nearby is the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. The Museo Arqueológico houses some fine art of Aboriginal Arab republic of egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, and Rome formerly in the collection of the Prado.

The Naval Museum, managed past the Ministry of Defense force, is besides nearby.

Direction [edit]

Funding [edit]

Until the early on 2000s, the Prado's annual income was approximately $18 million, $xv million of which came from the government and the remainder from private contributions, publications, and admissions.^[17] In 2001, the bourgeois government of José María Aznar decided to change the museum's financing platform, ushering in a public-private partnership. Under its new bylaws, which the Cortes Generales approved in 2003, the Prado must gradually reduce its level of state support to fifty percentage from 80 percent. In exchange, the museum gained command of the budget — now roughly €35 million — and the ability to raise money from corporate donations and merchandising. However, its recent €150 million expansion was paid for by the Castilian state.^[eighteen]

In 1991, Manuel Villaescusa bequeathed his fortune of about $40 meg in Madrid real estate to the Prado, to be used solely for the conquering of paintings. The museum subsequently sold Villaescusa's buildings to realize income from them. The bequest suddenly made the Prado i of the most formidable bidders for paintings in the world.^[17]

Directors [edit]

The starting time 4 directors were drawn from dignity. From 1838 to 1960, the directors were mostly artists. Since then, most of them have been art historians.

• The Marquess of Santa Cruz, 1817–1820
• The Prince of Anglona, 1820–1823
• José Idiáquez Carvajal [es], 1823–1826
• The Duke of Híjar, 1826–1838
• José de Madrazo, 1838–1857
• Juan Antonio de Ribera, 1857–1860
• Federico de Madrazo, 1860–1868
• Antonio Gisbert, 1868–1873
• Francisco Sans Cabot, 1873–1881
• Federico de Madrazo, 1881–1894
• Vicente Palmaroli, 1894–1896
• Francisco Pradilla, 1896–1898
• Luis Álvarez Catalá, 1898–1901
• José Villegas Cordero, 1901–1918
• Aureliano de Beruete y Moret, 1918–1922
• Fernando Álvarez de Sotomayor, 1922–1931
• Ramón Pérez de Ayala, 1931–1936
• Pablo Ruiz Picasso, 1936–1939
• Fernando Álvarez de Sotomayor, 1939–1960
• Francisco Javier Sánchez Cantón, 1960–1968
• Diego Angulo Íñiguez, 1968–1971
• Xavier de Salas Bosch [es], 1971–1978
• José Manuel Pita Andrade [es], 1978–1981
• Federico Sopeña [es], 1981–1983
• Alfonso Pérez Sánchez [es], 1983–1991
• Felipe Garín Llombart [es], 1991–1993
• Francisco Calvo Serraller, 1993–1994
• José María Luzón Nogué [es], 1994–1996
• Fernando Checa Cremades [es], 1996–2002
• Miguel Zugaza Miranda [es], 2002–2017
• Miguel Falomir [es], 2017 – nowadays

Drove highlights [edit]

Selected works [edit]

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In Google Globe [edit]

In 2009, the Prado Museum selected 14 of its most important paintings to be displayed in Google Earth and Google Maps at extremely high resolution, with the largest displayed at 14,000 megapixels. The images' zoom adequacy allows for close-up views of paint texture and fine particular.^{[19] [20]}

References [edit]

1. ^ The Art Newspaper, Marc h 31,2021
2. ^ Peak 100 Fine art Museum Attendance, The Art Newspaper, 2014. Retrieved on fifteen July 2014.
3. ^ Barrigós, Concha (21 March 2017). "Miguel Falomir, nuevo manager del Prado: "Nunca, nunca pediré el traslado del 'Guernica'"". 20 minutos. Retrieved 1 Apr 2017.
4. ^ "The Collection: origins". Museo Nacional del Prado. Retrieved fifteen Nov 2012. See also Museo del Prado, Catálogo de las pinturas, 1996, Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Madrid, No ISBN, which lists about 7,800 paintings. Many works have been passed to the Museo Reina Sofia and other museums over the years; others are on loan or in storage. On the new displays, see El Prado se reordena y agranda. europapress.es here (in Spanish)
5. ^ "The Fine art Paper", 31 march 2021
6. ^ "La historia del Museo del Prado". Vipealo. 13 November 2020. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
7. ^ Alan Riding (1 August 1990). "The Prado Finds Out What It Has and Where". The New York Times . Retrieved 15 Nov 2012.
8. ^ Alan Riding (1 May 1995). "The Prado Embarks On Plans to Expand Into a Complex". New York Times . Retrieved xv November 2012.
9. ^ ^{a b} Al Goodman (19 Nov 1998). "At Long Last, Expanding Spain's Treasure Chest". The New York Times . Retrieved 15 November 2012.
10. ^ "Chronology of the extension". Museo Nacional del Prado. Retrieved fifteen November 2012.
11. ^ Hannah McGivern (25 November 2016), Norman Foster to design Prado extension in historic palace Archived 27 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper.
12. ^ ^{a b} Raphael Minder (25 November 2016), Norman Foster to Remodel Palace for Prado Extension New York Times.
13. ^ Gareth Harris (September 30, 2021), Prado extension designed by Norman Foster finally gets the light-green lightThe Art Paper.
14. ^ "Chronology of Museo del Prado, 1785" (in Spanish). Museo Nacional del Prado. Retrieved fifteen November 2012.
15. ^ "Así es la ampliación del Museo del Prado de Norman Foster". ABC. 25 June 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
16. ^ "The Hermitage in the Prado". Museo Nacional del Prado. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
17. ^ ^{a b} Michael Kimmelman (21 Nov 1993). "New Brooms Sweep Madrid's Museums". The New York Times . Retrieved 15 November 2012.
18. ^ Dale Fuchs (24 December 2004). "The art of financing the Prado". New York Times . Retrieved 15 Nov 2012.
19. ^ Tremlett, Giles (fourteen January 2009). "Online gallery zooms in on Prado's masterpieces (even the smutty $.25)". The Guardian. London: Guardian News & Media Limited. Retrieved v March 2019.
20. ^ "The Prado in Google Earth". Google.com. Archived from the original on 17 January 2009. Retrieved 24 January 2009.

Further reading [edit]

• Alcolea Blanch, Santiago. The Prado, translated by Richard-Lewis Rees and Angela Patricia Hall. Madrid: Ediciones Polígrafa 1991.
• Araujo Sánchez, Ceferino. Los museos de España. Madrid 1875.
• Blanco, Antonio. Museo del Prado. Catálago de la Escultura. I Esculturas clásicas. Ii. Escultura, copia e imitaciones de las antiguas) (siglos XVI–XVIII). Madrid 1957.
• Luca de Tena, Consuelo and Mena, Manuela. Guía actualizada del Prado. Madrid: Alfiz 1985.
• Rumeu de Armas, Antonio. Origen y fundación del Museo del Prado. Madrid: Instituto de España 1980.

External links [edit]

• Official website
• Masterworks in the collection
• Prado in Google Earth, extra high resolution

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